The Great Recession Lasted From December Of 2007 Until

The Great Recession lasted from December of 2007 until June of 2009, making it the longest recession since World War II. During this time, gross domestic product (GDP), inflation, unemployment, and interest rates were all greatly affected. The previously mentioned metrics are used to compare today’s economy to the economy during the Great Recession to see how the United States has rebounded since 2009. Monetary and fiscal policies were also implemented to combat the recession, and their effects determine whether or not the policies have a lasting effect in continuing to help the U.S. economy rebound. Metrics Then and Now The most commonly-used metrics to evaluate the growth of the economy are: GDP, inflation, unemployment, and interest†¦show more content†¦1). In 2016, the inflation rate was at 2.07 percent, and as of February 2017 the rate is about .90 percent (â€Å"Inflation Rate,† n.d.). As we can see, the economy has bounced back from its position during the recession. GDP has increased drastically since 2009, unemployment has decreased past its position from 2007, the interest rate has risen, and inflation has also gone up which indicates a strong and healthy economy. Although a higher interest rate is unfavorable for consumers and businesses, it means that the government is confident that the economy will continue to improve. This also means that consumers have enough disposable income to spend on whatever they wish, so the government does not need to lower the rate in order to encourage borrowing and spending. These metrics indicate that the economy has recovered from the Grea t Recession, and is continuing to improve. Monetary and Fiscal Policies Implemented During the Recession Monetary policy is the regulation of the money supply to influence variables such as inflation, employment, and economic growth. Fiscal policies, on the other hand, use the ability to tax and spend in order to influence those same variables (McEachern, 2014, p. 57). A blend of both of these policies is essential for improving the economy when a recession has occurred. At the end of 2007 when the Great Recession began, GDP and employment took a drastic plunge. This was anShow MoreRelatedThe Growth And Peak Stage Of A Business Cycle1498 Words   |  6 Pagesitself. These stages are growth, peak, recession and a trough or depression. These cycles repeat themselves over and over through out time in the business world. The growth and peak stage of a business cycle are when companies are building and providing great products and services. This is also the period when jobs are most abundant and harder to fill because job positions are in demand. After the peak stage a risky point in time follows which is the recession stage. During this time people tend toRead MoreThe Recession Of The Great Recession1525 Words   |  7 PagesIn 2007, the United States economy experienced a financial crisis known as the Great Recession, which affected much of the world. 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The shortfall in households’ and businesses’ lack of demand for goods and services was theRead MoreInflation And Its Effect On The Economy1200 Words   |  5 Pagesthat the economy is weakening. As you can see, it’s not so easy to label inflation as either good or bad - it depends on the overall economy as well as your personal situation.† (Investopedia). The historical event known as the Great Recession lasted from December 2007 until June 2009, and the economic damage significantly affected the labor market and the living standards of low-and-moderate income Americans. The shortfall in households’ and businesses’ lack of demand for goods and services was theRead MoreU.s. National Bureau Of Economic Research817 Words   |  4 Pageseconomy out of the Great Recession. In December 2007, the United States experienced a time of rising unemployment and declining GDP (gross domestic product) that lasted until 2009. This period was dubbed the Great Recession due to the severity of the negative impacts. The U.S. National Bureau of Economic Research defines a recession as a â€Å"period of at least two consecutive quarters of declining levels of economic activity† (Krabbenhoft), and during the time span between 2007 and 2009 GDP decreasedRead MoreThe Conflict Between Inflation And Unemployment1343 Words   |  6 Pagesgovernment wants to lower taxes in an effort to encourage more activity, hoping to boost the economic growth of the country. When the government spends money or changes tax policy, it must choose where to spend or what to tax. Before the Great Depression, which lasted from Sept. 4, 1929 to the late 1930s or early 1940s, the government s approach to the economy was â€Å"don’t fix what is not broken†. 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Mobile Phone Choices in Australia Term Paper Example

Essays on Mobile Phone Choices in Australia Term Paper The paper "Mobile Phone Choices in Australia" is a brilliant example of a term paper on marketing. Apparently, mobile phones have become an integral part of human life. Considering that mobile phone technologies have advanced to the extent of making the simple device perform like a PDA, it is only reasonable to conclude that possessing a cell phone is inevitable. The mobile phone has evolved from being the luxury it was, to be a necessity just like food and clothing (Backhaus et al 2011). The device, which is averagely within the reach of a member of the middle class, has the potential of serving as a computer. Modern-day cell phones are a whole package as they have so many built-in features. These make the device considerably versatile in the sense that it can serve more functions than just making and receiving calls. A cell phone, for instance, can serve as a camera, a radio, a television, a data storage device, a center of socialization as well as a means through which the user ca n connect to the rest of the world. Considering that a modern-day cell phone enables internet access and instant messaging, it is valid to conclude that a mobile phone is one of the most significant factors contributing to globalization, a phenomenon that has seen the integration of cultures and ideas (BRW 2012). Contrary to the olden days, a person owning a cell phone in Melbourne today can easily chat with an individual in Canada. This profound importance of the cell phone has made it a necessity. The difficult part comes when an individual wants to purchase a cell phone. The cell phones, which are manufactured by different companies, have similar features yet are so different (Backhaus et al 2011). Similarly, the network providers offer various plans that enable one to own a cell phone and make calls at predetermined rates. Choosing among the many plans has proven to be quite a hassle for the consumer. Similarly, marketing the various plans has proven to be difficult. Worth notin g is that the choices vary depending on gender, age and personality. This paper seeks to evaluate the various evaluation criteria in light of three respondents in Melbourne. The evaluation criteria are in relation to the available mobile phone plan options offered by the three major service providers in Melbourne: Vodafone, Optus, and Telstra.Mobile phone and plan optionsThere are many mobile phone and plan options offered by the three major network providers: Vodafone, Optus, and Telstra. The plans aimed at marketing the services offered by the service providers vary in terms and conditions. Depending on how well the option is marketed, people may opt for it. Even so, there are many other factors that determine the plan option. The six main plan options are as follows:PlanMobile phoneVodafone all-time $35 plan for twelve monthsSony XperiaTelstra $80/month 24 month planiPhone 5 16GBOptus $22/month 24 month planBlackberry Bold 9900Vodafone $50/month twelve months planSamsung galaxy n ote IIVodafone $90/month six months planHTC one XTelstra $40/month for twelve monthsNokia Lumia

Sequencing Objectives Free Essays

Sequencing objectives within classes and courses within curriculum is important because much of what we learn is developed through building blocks of knowledge. For example, In my current field, one must know medical terminology and anatomy and physiology In order to begin a coding class. If one does not know where the perform sinus Is In the human body, one cannot assign â€Å"history of perform sinus cancer† the correct V-code. We will write a custom essay sample on Sequencing Objectives or any similar topic only for you Order Now One would assume that since the word â€Å"sinus† Is In the phrase, the V-code would be included in the nasal cavity and sinus grouping. The horrify sinus is actually located in the pharynx; therefore, the V-code would be in the grouping with oral cavity and pharynx. Sequencing of the Course and Curriculum Regulate and Stein refer to macromolecule sequencing, giving the students an overview (epitome) that outlines the fundamental aspects of the course first. Instruction progresses with each Idea being more detailed and elaborating upon the previous one. Objectives are developed to Insure that prerequisite skills are covered before advancing to the next objective. Sequencing of Skills wealth the Topic Basic skills are taught first within each topic, building upon each other. Analyzing Topic Objectives to Determine Learning Outcomes This approach examines the relationship between the course map and the unit map. This approach looks at objectives from different learning domains and the relationship between each, sequencing to insure that prerequisite skills are covered in earlier lessons. Sequencing of Skills within Lessons This mapping Is more detailed oriented. Objectives are sequenced In more detail, broken down Into Individual skills required wealth the lesson presented. Learning Hierarchies and Instructional Sequence According to Eagan, when the proper sequence of prerequisite skills is established, intellectual skill instruction is easily managed by the teacher. Knowledge-Based Sequencing Instructional design is represented as organizational patterns on the concept map and then used during the development phase to automatically generate instructional maps. Sequencing Content for Online Learning This Involves sequencing knowledge units and learning tasks within those units. Spiral Sequencing of the curriculum. And example of this is in foreign language instruction. Basic grammar skills are revisited continually as the student progresses. How to cite Sequencing Objectives, Papers

Critical Environmental Concerns in Wine Production †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Critical Environmental Concerns in Wine Production. Answer: Introduction: Winemaking is the process of manufacturing wine. It commences from choosing the grapes or other product and culminates in packing the refined and finalized wine in bottles. Grape is utilized as the sole ingredient in making wine in most of the cases, but sometimes other products like honey and other fruits are also used as wine ingredients. A person who is proficient in making wine is known professionally as a winemaker and sometimes as a vintner. The field of study consisting wine and wine production is termed as oenology (Boulton et al., 2013). This report outlines the fact that in order to pull through from the acute competition about wine making, it is essential to explore the contributing factors in regulating the price point of wine. An in depth discussion about the various input cost factors of wine production, the essential components of marketing force in wine production and lastly a case study of the winery and the winemaker has been discussed in this report to highlight the wine production competition scenario. The market scenario of wine manufacturing and production has witnessed massive changes in the last few years and is expected to transform further in the coming years. Globalization can be considered as an important factor in bringing massive changes in the wine production market. The influence from globalization on wine production can be evidently studied from the topographical, consumer utilization behavior and operational outlooks (Overton, Murray Banks, 2012). The independent winemaking company of Strenua is based in Chum Creek, Yama valley in the country of Australia. The two friends- Dale Wheeler and Rheon Dodd started the company. The owners were both fresh college graduates and utilized their university knowledge in managing the company. The first assignment of Strenua wine when they were placed in the market, sold out rapidly. The quality and flavor of the Strenua produce was very much appreciated by the public. The owners strictly practice organic farming and natural based fertilizers in the vineyard, which makes them environmentally sustainable and helps to enrich the biodiversity. It can be said that Strenua wine is a bright example of a successful wine producer. Overall, Strenua wine has received an overwhelming response and is continuing to be a hit with the public. In fact, Australian wine industry is considered one of the best in the world (Chong, 2014). The fierce competition in worldwide wine production and the increasing failure in gaining a wide consumer reach have led to a drastic fall in the profitability ratio. Winemakers in all the continents are believed to have fallen victims to this situation. As a result, in order to curb this disparaging effect of the losses, Strenua has called for the implementation of strategic changes in the cost management. This is because the calculation of the manufacturing cost of a single bottle of wine is considered to be a key portion in a wine making business. Strenua winemakers also use the manufacturing cost of a single bottle of wine as a benchmark in inspecting the cost effectiveness of the other production stages. Therefore, the determination of the right input cost is very important in a wine production business. The input cost in Strenua wine production business depends on various factors such as the practice of viticulture, the infrastructure of wine, disease and pest control methods, the process of growing and purchasing grapes and the practices of making wine (Corsi Strm, 2013). The Practice of Viticulture in Strenua The practice of viticulture in Strenua comprises preparing the soil, cultivating or tilling the soil, planting a different mix of vines, trellising the vines and finally having the suitable machinery and products to fight pests and other wine related diseases. Primarily after a suitable Strenua vineyard has been chosen, the material of the soil and the pertaining climate conditions are researched so that the right method of cultivation for the soil is chosen. There are many cultivation methods available, which can be applied in winemaking. The selection of the most fitting cultivation method is necessary for maximizing the vine yields of Strenua (Robinson Harding, 2015). Along with the cultivation of the soil, there are other important factors of Strenua, which are equally important. They are having abundant amounts of air and moisture, which must be in the correct percentage to the available solid material and ample nutrition, must be provided to the plants so that they do not suff er from malnutrition. The superior production and cultivation of the finalized wine of Strenua depends much upon the initial process of soil preparation. An occurrence of negligence in the initial stage would hamper the bottled product of wine at the final stage. Each soil has certain specific qualities, which makes some cultivation methods more suitable than the others do. Generally, in Strenua the selection of the cultivation method depends upon the make-up of the soil, the conditions of the weather, the location of the chosen vineyard and the type of the wine which is to be cultivated. Wine makers who desire to amplify their vine harvests usually plant in places where there is copious water supply. In Strenua, the quality of the wine is supposed to depend upon the stabilizing between the leaf particles. The leaves produce better when they are exposed to good nutrition and air. The amount of grapes chosen to cultivate a crop also decides the wine quality, because if there are less productive leaves to sustain a huge harvest, then automatically, the quality of the wine diminishes. Strenua winemakers make use of the method of trellising in their wine production phases. In horticulture, trellising is the process of providing a structure or a design of latticework to sustain the climbing plants. This is the reason why trellising is used in wine production because vines are considered to be climbing plants. Usually, plants, which apparently show the characteristic of growing stronger, are trellised. Some vines require trellising and others do not. The requirement of trellising usually depends upon the strength of the vines, the climactic conditions, the type and the capacity of the soil. Snowier areas where there is high prevalence of frost injury, trellising is extremely required. On the contrast, in areas where there is less precipitation, vines do not show the tendency to grow much. As a result, trellising is not required in the drier areas (Smart, 2014). The efficiency and profitability of the Strenua vineyard depends upon the robustness and vigor of the vines. Therefore, it is extremely important to oversee and inspect the operating pest and disease control methods of a vineyard. Organic pest control methods are now popularly used in Strenua vineyards. Organic pest control methods supports, enriches the biodiversity, and makes the vines to develop strong endurance against harmful weeds. Chemicals are used rarely and must be duly approved before their application. Other disinfectants are also used to maintain the required safety and health standards of the vines. It can be said that the disease and pest control methods are indispensable to the successful functioning of the Strenua vineyard (Vine, Harkness Linton, 2012). The Practices of Winemaking in Strenua The expertise of a proficient winemaker can influence the taste of the wine. Nevertheless, there are many geographical differences in grapes and other wine producing ingredients, some useful techniques if applied in the cellar can bring a magical flavor in the wine. Hence, in Strenua innovative wine making practices hold great relevance in the wine production business. Some of the major winemaking practices in Strenua include: - Harvest date, Maceration Time, Fermentation Temperature, Punchdowns vs Pumpovers, Oak vs Steel Tank, Corks vs Screwcaps and others. The flavor of Strenua wine differs as in two types- Single flavor and complex flavor (Goodstein et al., 2014). The recipe of making single flavor wine is not very intricate and is quite simple. Though manufacturing of single flavor wine is much uncomplicated, they tend to be savory. Complex flavor wines require more time and care. The Strenua winemakers, in order to refine the taste of the complex flavor wines, use Split fermenta tion, the mixture of different kinds of oaks and the most interesting of all, the procedure of blending distinct materials (Hall, 2013). The Growing and Buying of Strenua Grapes Growing and buying of wines effectively is very crucial for the Strenua vineyard to prosper. Strenua winemakers prefer to grow their own grapes in their backyard instead of buying from the grape suppliers. Growing healthy grapes in Strenua requires many detailed works such as spending ample time and effort on training, weeding, netting and pruning the leaves (Bokulich et al., 2014). In addition to that, proper combating techniques against the pests, harmful diseases and the insects are also substantial. In some cases, due to the isolation of the location of the grape producing areas in Strenua, extra care has to be taken to manage any threat from wild animals and havocs caused by nature (Christ Burritt, 2013). Sometimes, Strenua winemakers favor to purchase superior quality grapes from reputed suppliers. Nowadays, grapes can be transported from the suppliers to the buyers in many ways. All over the world, varieties of grapes can be bought from the suppliers, ranging from the South A merican grapes to the polished Italian originated grapes. Strenua winemakers have free choice in buying grapes in accordance to their choices, needs and preferences. Another important fact, which must be noted while getting involved in buying grapes, is to have a durable transportation facility. Strenua has a good transportation set up which ensures that when the grapes reach to the winemakers, they are at their best condition (Wakeland, Colette Venal, 2012). Marketing is an important segment in the business of wine production. Every business requires an effective marketing program to increase the profitability by enlarging the sales ratio. Strenua winemaking sector is no exception. Strenua winemakers in order to create a profitable marketing approach utilize many important factors such as strategic pricing and segmentation of the market (Overton Murray, 2013). Pricing policy of Strenua Pricing is an important factor in winemaking business. Generally, the selling price of the Strenua wine is correlated with the quantity of production. The fixed costs of the utilized grapes cannot be lessened. These costs are also not dependable on the product quantities. The techniques, which are applied in the production of Strenua wines also sets a benchmark for the setting of the prices. Complicated techniques demand setting huge prices while the simple technique wines do not suffer from over expenditure. Packaging is an important art, which cannot be ignored in the Strenua winemaking business. Packaging also influences the setting of prices of Strenua wines. Elaborate packaging, such as a fashionable design of the bottle with an attractive label increases the overall manufacturing cost of the product and thereby increases the finalized price. Henceforth, pricing of a Strenua wine bottle inadvertently depends upon many important production factors (Piqueras-Fiszman, Spence, 2012 ). Market Segment practiced in Strenua Market segmentation is the process of segmenting the buyers based on characteristics, purchasing power, preferences and purchasing styles. Market segmentation helps the Strenua wine business to study and understand the buyers and their demands and then take necessary steps to fulfill their demands. Identification of the target market is extremely important for the Strenua winemakers because these will further help them to enlarge their sales quantity and bring in more profits (Cho, Bonn, Brymer, 2017). According to popular perception, Strenua winemakers generally categorize the buyers into the following segments, which are The perplexed buyer. They are overwhelmed by the availability of diversified ranges of wines. The status seeker. They prefer to buy wine to display their status symbol. The keen wine buyer. They purchase wine for the purpose of entertainment. The faithful wine buyer. They are the so-called connoisseurs of wine. The cost driven buyer. They tend to look for discount vouchers and the best deals in wines. The novice buyer. They are new and the probably the youngest buyers in the market. Conclusion In the light of the above discussion, it can be said wine making is a very lucrative business and continues to be so in the coming years. Organic farming and natural fertilizers are the new rage in winemaking. Winemakers all over the world including Strenua are implementing these techniques in order to maintain and sustain the biodiversity at the ecological level. In addition, proper pricing and marketing policies has to be followed by the winemakers to cut through the current competition prevailing in the wine market which Strenua had already done so. Intense competition leads to drastic losses in the profit ratio of the winemaking businesses. Thereby, it is evident that innovation and modernization is the key to success in winemaking. References Ashenfelter, O., Storchmann, K. (2014).Wine and climate change(No. 164854). Bokulich, N. A., Thorngate, J. H., Richardson, P. M., Mills, D. A. (2014). Microbial biogeography of wine grapes is conditioned by cultivar, vintage, and climate.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,111(1), E139-E148. Boulton, R. B., Singleton, V. L., Bisson, L. F., Kunkee, R. E. (2013).Principles and practices of winemaking. Springer Science Business Media. Cho, M., Bonn, M. A., Brymer, R. A. (2017). A constraint-based approach to wine tourism market segmentation.Journal of Hospitality Tourism Research,41(4), 415-444. Chong, S. (2014). Business process management for SMEs: an exploratory study of implementation factors for the Australian wine industry.Journal of Information Systems and Small Business,1(1-2), 41-58. Christ, K. L., Burritt, R. L. (2013). Critical environmental concerns in wine production: an integrative review.Journal of Cleaner Production,53, 232-242. Corsi, A., Strm, S. (2013). The price premium for organic wines: estimating a hedonic farm-gate price equation.Journal of Wine Economics,8(1), 29-48. Goodstein, E. S., Bohlscheid, J. C., Evans, M., Ross, C. F. (2014). Perception of flavor finish in model white wine: A time-intensity study.Food Quality and Preference,36, 50-60. Hall, C. M. (2013).Wine, food, and tourism marketing. Routledge. Overton, J., Murray, W. E. (2013). Class in a glass: capital, neoliberalism and social space in the global wine industry.Antipode,45(3), 702-718. Overton, J., Murray, W. E., Banks, G. (2012). The race to the bottom of the glass? Wine, geography, and globalization.Globalizations,9(2), 273-287. Piqueras-Fiszman, B., Spence, C. (2012). The weight of the bottle as a possible extrinsic cue with which to estimate the price (and quality) of the wine? Observed correlations.Food Quality and Preference,25(1), 41-45. Robinson, J., Harding, J. (Eds.). (2015).The Oxford companion to wine. American Chemical Society. Smart, R. (2014). Improved trellis systems-is Australia keeping up?.Wine Viticulture Journal,29(3), 55. Vine, R., Harkness, E. M., Linton, S. J. (Eds.). (2012).Winemaking: From grape growing to marketplace. Springer Science Business Media. Wakeland, W., Cholette, S., Venkat, K. (2012). Food transportation issues and reducing carbon footprint. InGreen technologies in food production and processing(pp. 211-236). Springer US.